7805 Voltage Regulator
Voltage regulators are very common in electronic circuits. They provide a constant output voltage for a varied input voltage. In our case the 7805 IC is an iconic regulator IC that finds its application in most of the projects. The name 7805 signifies two meaning, “78” means that it is a positive voltage regulator and “05” means that it provides 5V as output. So our 7805 will provide a +5V output voltage.
The output current of this IC can go up to 1.5A. But, the IC suffers from heavy heat loss hence a Heat sink is recommended for projects that consume more current. For example if the input voltage is 12V and you are consuming 1A, then (12-5) * 1 = 7W. This 7 Watts will be dissipated as heat.
Voltage sources in a circuit may have fluctuations resulting in not providing fixed voltage outputs. A voltage regulator IC maintains the output voltage at a constant value. 7805 Voltage Regulator, a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulators used to maintain such fluctuations, is a popular voltage regulator integrated circuit (IC).
The xx in 78xx indicates the output voltage it provides. 7805 IC provides +5 volts regulated power supply with provisions to add a heat sink.
7805 IC Rating
7805 voltage regulator is not very efficient and has drop-out voltage problems. A lot of energy is wasted in the form of heat. If you are going to be using a heatsink, better calculate the heatsink size properly. The below formula should help in determining appropriate heatsink size for such applications.
Heat generated = (input voltage – 5) x output current
If we have a system with input 15 volts and output current required is .5 amperes, we have: (15 – 5) x 0.5 = 10×0.5 =5W;
5W energy is being wasted as heat, hence an appropriate heatsink is required to disperse this heat. On the other hand, energy actually being used is: (5 x 0.5Amp) = 2.5W.
So twice the energy, that is actually utilized is wasted. On the other hand, if 9V is given as input at the same amount of load: (9-5) x 0.5 = 2W
2W energy will be wasted as heat.
What we learn: Higher the input voltage, less efficient your 7805 will be.
An estimated efficient input voltage would be at about 7.5V.
If your voltage regulator is situated more than 25cm (10 inches) from the power supply, capacitors are needed to filter residual AC noise. Voltage regulators work efficiently on a clean DC signal being fed. The bypass capacitors help reduce AC ripple.
Essentially, they short AC noise from the voltage signal and allow only DC voltage into the regulator. The two capacitors are not necessarily required and can be omitted if you are not concerned about line noise.
However, for a mobile phone charger or logic assessment, you require a nice clean DC line. Capacitors will be beneficial in this case as they are good at maximizing voltage regulation. The values of capacitors can also be changed slightly.
Let’s take a look at what makes the IC tick.
Related: Voltage Regulator Circuit
- Input voltage range 7V- 35V
- Current rating Ic = 1A
- Output voltage range VMax=5.2V ,VMin=4.8V
Pin Details of 7805 IC
| Pin No. | Pin | Function | Description |
| 1 | INPUT | Input voltage (7V-35V) | In this pin of the IC positive unregulated voltage is given in regulation. |
| 2 | GROUND | Ground (0V) | In this pin where the ground is given. This pin is neutral for equally the input and output. |
| 3 | OUTPUT | Regulated output; 5V (4.8V-5.2V) | The output of the regulated 5V volt is taken out at this pin of the IC regulator. |
As you may have noticed, there is a significant difference between the input voltage & the output voltage of the voltage regulator. This difference between the input and output voltage is released as heat. The greater the difference between the input and output voltage, more the heat generated.
If the regulator does not have a heat sink to dissipate this heat, it can get destroyed and malfunction. Hence, it is advisable to limit the voltage to a maximum of 2-3 volts above the output voltage. So, we now have 2 options. Either design your circuit so that the input voltage going into the regulator is limited to 2-3 volts above the output regulated voltage or place an appropriate heatsink, that can efficiently dissipate heat.
7805 Voltage Regulator - Circuit Construction & Working:
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✔ Combination of induction motor and alternator
✔ Combine generators with induction motors - self-powered generators with rotary motion
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✔ Or maybe called Overunity for the system. Mother Nature doesn't care about people calling or naming phenomena. Overunity or Free Energy, or Zero Point Energy (ZPE) are just a few different wordsWhat to do with all the heat?
7805 voltage regulator is not very efficient and has drop-out voltage problems. A lot of energy is wasted in the form of heat. If you are going to be using a heatsink, better calculate the heatsink size properly. The below formula should help in determining appropriate heatsink size for such applications.
Heat generated = (input voltage – 5) x output current
If we have a system with input 15 volts and output current required is .5 amperes, we have: (15 – 5) x 0.5 = 10×0.5 =5W;
5W energy is being wasted as heat, hence an appropriate heatsink is required to disperse this heat. On the other hand, energy actually being used is: (5 x 0.5Amp) = 2.5W.
So twice the energy, that is actually utilized is wasted. On the other hand, if 9V is given as input at the same amount of load: (9-5) x 0.5 = 2W
2W energy will be wasted as heat.
What we learn: Higher the input voltage, less efficient your 7805 will be.
An estimated efficient input voltage would be at about 7.5V.
Other circuit components?
If your voltage regulator is situated more than 25cm (10 inches) from the power supply, capacitors are needed to filter residual AC noise. Voltage regulators work efficiently on a clean DC signal being fed. The bypass capacitors help reduce AC ripple.
Essentially, they short AC noise from the voltage signal and allow only DC voltage into the regulator. The two capacitors are not necessarily required and can be omitted if you are not concerned about line noise.
However, for a mobile phone charger or logic assessment, you require a nice clean DC line. Capacitors will be beneficial in this case as they are good at maximizing voltage regulation. The values of capacitors can also be changed slightly.
Let’s take a look at what makes the IC tick.
Related: Voltage Regulator Circuit
7805 Voltage Regulator For Sale
This regulator can provide local on-card regulation, eliminating the distribution problems associated with single point regulation. It employs internal current limiting, thermal shutdown and safe area protection, making it essentially indestructible. If adequate heat sinking is provided, it can deliver over 1A output current. Although designed primarily as fixed voltage regulator, this device can be used with external components to obtain adjustable voltages and currents
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| 7805 Voltage Regulator For Sale |
Schematic of 7805 Voltage Regulator IC
The heart of the 7805 IC is a transistor (Q16) that controls the current between the input and output and thus controlling the output voltage. The bandgap reference (yellow) keeps the voltage stable. It takes the scaled output voltage as input (Q1 and Q6) and provides an error signal (to Q7) for indication if the voltage is too high or low. The key task of the bandgap is to provide a stable and accurate reference, even as the chip’s temperature changes.
The error signal from the bandgap reference is amplified by the error amplifier (orange). This amplified signal controls the output transistor through Q15. This closes the negative feedback loop controlling the output voltage.
The startup circuit (green) provides initial current to the bandgap circuit, so it doesn’t get stuck in an “off” state. The circuit in purple provides protection against overheating (Q13), excessive input voltage (Q19) and excessive output current (Q14). These circuits reduce the output current or shutdown the regulator, protecting it from damage in case of a fault. The voltage divider (blue) scales down the voltage on the output pin for use by the bandgap reference.
Also See: Automatic Voltage Regulator for Generator
Also See: Automatic Voltage Regulator for Generator
Scaling the output
The 7805’s scaled output provides the input voltage (Vin) to the bandgap reference and the bandgap provides an error signal as the output. The 7805’s bandgap circuit removes the feedback loop that exists inside a traditional bandgap reference. Instead, the entire chip becomes the feedback loop.
If the output voltage is correct (5V), then the voltage divider provides 3.75V at Vin. Any change in output voltage propagates through Q6 and R7, causing the voltage at the base of Q7 to rise or fall accordingly. This change is amplified by Q7 and Q8, generating the error output. The error output, in turn, decreases or increases the current through the output transistor. The negative feedback loop adjusts the output voltage until it is correct.
Application areas for 7805 IC
7805 IC is used in a wide range of circuits. The major ones being:
- Fixed-Output Regulator
- Positive voltage Regulator in Negative voltage Configuration
- Adjustable Output Regulator
- Current Regulator
- Adjustable DC Voltage Regulator
- Regulated Dual-Supply
- Output Polarity-Reversal-Protection Circuit
- Reverse bias projection Circuit
7805 Voltage regulator also finds usage in building circuits for inductance meter, phone charger, portable CD player, infrared remote control extension and UPS power supply circuits.
Gift for you:
۞ Generate electricity to power your home with just a battery or phone charger
۞ The Square Pulse Generator controls the power generation on demand
❉ Free Energy from Nikola Tesla's friend: Alfred M. Hubbard's Free Energy Transformer | Charge your phone to power your home! A step-by-step guide to making a "Free Energy Transformer" by Alfred M. HUBBARD | Ether Technology was suppressed in the 1920s
❉ How to make free electricity simpler for anyone: Free Energy Transformer
Revealed At Last: Ancient Invention Generates Energy-On-Demand
✔ Nikola Tesla’s method of magnifying electric power by neutralizing the magnetic counter-forces in an electric generator
Generates Energy-On-Demand: Easy Power Plan Will Change Our World Forever
✔ Combination of induction motor and alternator
✔ Combine generators with induction motors - self-powered generators with rotary motion
✔ Various methods of generating high power immobile generators
✔ Or maybe called Overunity for the system. Mother Nature doesn't care about people calling or naming phenomena. Overunity or Free Energy, or Zero Point Energy (ZPE) are just a few different words
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